During the last several years, however, the two-dimensional computer code DEFORM, developed by Battelle Columbus Laboratories, has been fully commercialized. Initially, computer simulation of metal flow and detailed stress analysis of dies were conducted by forging companies that supply the aerospace industry. In recent years, computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques have been applied increasingly with great success in metal forming research, as well as in the cold and hot forming industry. As importantly, features provide a basis of organizing manufacturing information in a data repository for data reuse in new product desi. The knowledge facilitates manufacturing process planning and generating the detailed operating instructions required by modern production systems such as CNC machines, flexible manufacturing systems, robots, and inspection equipment. In manufacturing, features can be linked to manufacturing knowledge of various types. In design, features capture explicitly engineering attributes and relationships among product definition entities-information that is essential for various design tasks and analyses. One key component in this effort is the representation of product designs in terms of features, elements that are semantically higher-level than the pure geometric elements typically used in CAD and CAM systems. Smooth integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) is vital for companies' survival in the present competitive marketplace.

Forging die design handbook pdf